KIS-ORCA’s Interactive Map shows that these systems intersect with each other multiple times. On the other side of the Atlantic eight cables have been installed through a relatively small corridor near the United Kingdom.
Any transatlantic cable system such as FA-1, AC-1, Apollo North and Yellow will also cross with the CB-1 cable (39☀0'0.00"N 69☃0'0.00"W). Three of these cables are AC-1 South, Apollo North and Yellow. In the USA there is a region (39☃0'0.00"N 71☃0'0.00"W) visible on NASCA chart 12300 where five different cables cross each other eight times. On both sides of the Atlantic there are some regions which have a high number of cable crossings. Based on the course of both systems and known paths of older transatlantic systems Hibernia Express is most likely to cross Hibernia North and South, AC-1 North, TGN Atlantic and TAT-14 North, while AEC intersects with Hibernia South, FA-1 North, CB-1, TAT-14 North, AC-1 North as well as with Hibernia Express. Lastly, Hibernia Express and Aqua Comm’s AEC seem to have the lowest amount of cable crossings. TAT-14 North and AC-1 North most notably have many crossings with regional systems in the North Sea as well as intersect with each other three times. Apollo North and Yellow seem to follow a similar route and cross other cables such as TGN Atlantic and Hibernia South and AC-1 South and North. AC-1 North, TAT-14 North, Apollo North and Yellow have the most crossings with other active cable systems. There is an average of 14 crossings per cable. Graph 1 shows the number of identified cable crossings per transatlantic system. Graph 1: Indentified cable crossings between transatlantic cable systems Although each operator has documented the position and crossings of their systems, there is yet to become available a public resource to supply an overall view. Possible crossings in deep sea has not been included. The focus has been on systems between Europe and North America which crosses any other active fiber-optic submarine cable system which is either on the transatlantic route or crossing a transatlantic cable system along its route. This year’s analysis has been updated to include more data of the USA segments of each transatlantic cable and is based on public data from KIS-ORCA, NASCA, NOAA and SubtelForum. Some may consider the number in which a certain cable crosses others to be a risk to the network resilience, reliability and availability. There can be a multitude of considerations during the selection of cable paths across the Atlantic, such as price, latency and diversity. The challenge is to analyze and select those cables each following a separate unique path or have the least amount of intersections, in order to minimize the probability of a complete network outage. Redundancy and mitigation of threats can be achieved by using capacity leased from the owners of three or four different cables to help ensure that services will be robust and built on multiple underlying links - so that if one goes down, users could still rely on sufficient bandwidth available. Chances are that cable systems will fail, which makes engineering a network with redundancy in mind even more important. This can be delayed even further in case of multiple cable breaks, storms or the limited availability of repair ships. However repairing undersea cables can take a few days or even weeks. In general, terrestrial network outages can be resolved in a matter of days or even just a few hours after being reported. The time to repair a cable will remain an important consideration. Although mostly designed with additional protection in shallow water areas and close to shore, anchors dropped by supertankers riding out storms can still damage the fiber optics inside the cables. Submarine cable systems have to face the harsh environment of the ocean - from ship anchors and landslides to undersea earthquakes. The Atlantic Infrastructure Analysis 2017 focuses on the current infrastructure (figure 1), possible infrastructure strategies available and a look into the requirements of the future.įigure 1: Northern Atlantic Submarine Cables These are the kind of new systems which will increase the resilience of the Atlantic route between Europe and the United States.
#SUBMARINE CABLE MAP FROM NYC TO LONDON DRIVER#
Still for some, diversity is becoming a more important driver for new cable projects which are more south and physically diverse from the high populated New York – London route. Today with two new cables built the Atlantic is another step closer to gradually changing the physical infrastructure between Europe and North America. In last year’s Atlantic Infrastructure Analysis SemanticNet concluded that a network design across the Atlantic should utilize three or four paths. The Atlantic: 2017 Infrastructure Analysis
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